Electrical battery-charging system.



H. G. WEBSTER. ELECTRICAL BAITERY CHARGING SYSTEM.

Q APPLICATION FILED APR. 1a. 1912 1,257,163, Patented Feb. 19,1918.

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H. G. WEBSTER.

ELECTRICAL BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM. I

,APPLICATION FILED'APILIB. m2. v f

" Patented Feb; 1 9, 1918.

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ASSIGHOB TO KELLOGG SWITOHBOLBD A OOBPOBA'JEIDII! OF ILLINOIS,

ELECTRICAL BATTEBY-OEABGIIG swarm a citizen of the internal combustionengines, and is directed more particularly for use in connection withautomobiles, an object of my invent on being the provision of animproved and s mplified circuit arrangement and controlling mechanismfor systems of the character referred to. 1

My invention is directed more particularly to that character of systemin wh1ch a motor dynamo is provided to act either as a motor to startthe automobile engme or as a generator while the automobile eng1ne 1srunning, to charge a set of storage batteries which are preferablyprovided for running the motor and .for furnishing current to theignition and lighting systems on the automobile.

For a better understanding of my, invention, reference will be made tothe accompanying drawings, in whlch hkeparts are indicated by likereference characters, and in 'which- Figure 1 illustratesdiagrammatically the preferred circuit arrangement of my 1nven-'tion,with the main controlling an intermediate position;

Fig. 2 is a more simplified arrangement but with the switch A throwninto the charging osition;

Fig. 3 is a sim lified circuit arrangement with the switch thrown intostarting position;

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of a controlling mechanism; and

Fig. 5 illustrates more in detail a clutch arran ement of the mechanismof Fig. 4.

Re erring now more particularly to the circuit arrangements, a motorgenerator B is provided, preferably of the compound winding short-shunttype, comprising an armature 1, a series field winding 2, and a shuntfield winding 3. These windings 2 and 3 are so arranged upon thefieldcoils switch A in that while the machine B is acting as a mo-Speeflleatlon of Letters ratent. Application m s rn 1a, 1912. Serial Io.091,053.

shown in intermediate position,

from an exit, they act tor and current is provided ternal source for oeratin cumulatively upon t e fiel these coils 2 and 3 are so connectedthat when machine B is being driven .as a generator the current flowingthrough them acts difierentially upon the field ma ets. As is indicatedin the drawings, coi s 2 and 3 are preferably 0f 9. difierent number ofturns and also of diflerent resistance, the series field coil 2 being ofcomparatively low resistance and number of turns, while the shunt andnumber of turns, and it is .to be understood that shunt coil 3 is thepredominating one in the magnetization of the field magnets, when themachine is acting as a dynamo; The terminal 4 of machine B is preferablythe negative terminal, while terminal 5 is the positive terminal, thatis, when the machine is being operated as a motor positive current flowsin at the positive terimnal, and when acting as a generator positivecurrent flows out of the machine at terminal 5. A resistance 6, isadapted to be connected in series with the shunt field 3 to increasetheresistance of .this 'shunt circuit and to cut down the energizing efiectof shunt field winding 3.

- A 'storage battery. comprising sets of cells 7, 8, 9 and 10, whichPatented Feb. 19, 1918.

magnets, but

field coil 3 is of a greater resistance C is' also provided,

are adaptedto be controlled by switch A to be preferably connected inmultiple as shown in Fig. 2 for charging, or in senes as shown in Fig. 3when acting to turn the motor B for starting the engine.

Switch A is of a suitablesnap-actingtype,

in the starting position connection withthe switch contacts 25 to 28,inclusive. In

Fig. 1, the movable switch arms 11 to 17 are but it is to be understood,as previously stated, that the switch A is so arranged that it assumeseither the charging or starting position as and as will be hereinaftermore particularly described. v q

Battery 0 is so connected with switch A. that with the switch instarting position, the battery cells are connected in series as will beclear from an inspection of Fig. 4,

tacts 29 are interrupted, this being effective,

, close,

illildicatedin Fig.8,and with" the switchin 0 31' a is also provid beingof A watt meter a well known type which is adapted, upon recording aetermined charge, to act u on a air 0 contact springs 29. That is, t emeter is so arranged that when current is flowing through in onedirection, for instance, to charge the storage battery G,,its dial handis operated to record the watts passed through themeter, and upon themeter indicating-a definite charge, the conignition system of theautomobile, or for any other use desired. It will be apparent from Figs.2 and 3 that any current takenv from the battery by the circuit 30, 31,must flow through watt meter W. i v A control relay R is provided forcooperating in the control of charging battery C, being adapted after apredetermined charge of batte C to interrupt thecharging circuit. Re ayIt comprises a winding 32 of a comparatively high resistance thusoperating with low current consumption, as it is preferably ermanentlyconnected across the terminals o themachine B. A second winding 33 isalsoprovided, being preferably of thereby also connecti m Fig. tery t 1connection with low resistance as it is included 1n the chargin circuit.w

ormally switch A assumes the charging osition creating the circuit arranement o ig; 2. Thus the cells of battery era 1y connected in seriesmultiple circuit and assuming they are partly discharged, contacts 29are closed, and with switch contacts 11'-18 closed, resistance 6 isshort circuited so that nerator B when runnin at charging eed gro'ducesa voltagesulfioient to charge t e battery. 1

When switch A isthrown to the startin position, the circuit arrangementillustrate 3 is'established with the cellsof batin series and the switcharm 11 in contact 25. It will be seen that with this arran ent, winding33 of relay R is short circulted by contacts 11, 25 the negative pole 0battery 0 to termina 4 of generator B. Withthe circuit in the startingcondition as shown by Fig. 3, winding 32 of. relay R is are prefgingposition, the cells-are connectedin a series multi le circuit as instrength, the armature is a ing the series and ance connected across theterminals of battery C causing the attraction of Its armature and theclosing of its contact 35 but this closing of contact 35 is withoutefiect at R "attracted, said armature retracts interrupting contact 35,but assoon as the current m generator B reaches a high enough voltage toovercome the action of the sprin tension, which voltage is of charginagain attracte closing contact 35 and establishing the izhargmg circuitindicated by the heavy mes.

When the voltage of to and below battery down of the engine or an backflow of current through winding 33 tends magnetic effect of winding suchof contact spring 35 is such that the retraction of the armature isefiected and of course the contact 35 interrupted. Of course as 'soon asthe voltage is u to charging generator B drops voltage, due'to slowingrom the battery to neutralize the 32, and the tenstrength the armatureis aga n attracted to close the charging circuit. As soon as apredetermined charge has been givento battery C, and which will beindicated by watt meter W, contact 29 thereof is opening the directshunt about the resistance 6, including it in series with the 3, andthereby cutting down flow through this winding 3. As at this time shuntwindings 2, 3, are acting difi'erentially upon the field magnets withwinding 3 the predominating one, due

the current to the inclusion of resistance 6, the magnetization of thefield. magnets is reduced and the voltage of generator B is cut downenough to allow the armature of-relay R to be retracted thereby openinthe charging circuit by the interruption o When operatingmotor B tostart the engine itis apparent that at times the en 'ne will pick up andrun on its own power he ore the operator releases the starting pedal andtherefore the motor would be relieved of its load for a short period,but due to the shunt field winding on the motor it will not reach anexcessive slpeed. Upon the starting of motor B,"I inc ude resistance 6in series with shunt field winding 3, this additional resistbeingeffective to give more of a series motor characteristic tothe machinebut at the same time this resistance is not sulficiently high to allowan excessive speed thereof, the shunt winding 3 acting as a speedregulator,

interrupted,

contacts 35. i

other cause, the

shunt windi In Figs. 4 and 5 I'have illustrated mechanism forcontrolling the circuit of Fig. 1, and have indicated diagrammaticallyin connection therewith an automobile en 'ne E connected to the gearingG prefera ly by means of a noiseless chain drive or link-belt H. Themechanism as illustrated in 4 and 5 is at normal. The motor-generator Bis not shown in detail, and the shaft 40 is the shaft of motor generatorB.

The gearing G which is adapted for connecting engine E and motorgenerator B, comprises a sprocket 41 and gear 42, preferably integraland loose upon shaft 40. A pimon 43 is rotatably supported on a shaft44, said pinion 43 carrying a cup shaped clutch disk 45. A gear wheel 46is also rotatably supported by shaft 44, said gear 46 c'arrying a cam 47and positioned within the hollow of cupdisk with clutch rollers 48inserted between the cam surfaces 47 and the inner surface 45 of cup 45.Clutch J is a well known device and further description thereof isdeemed unnecessary.

A friction clutch is also provided for normally connecting sprocket 41directly to shaft 40, said clutch comprising a pair of conical disks 50,51, disk 50 being preferably integral with sprocket 41, while disk 51 1sslidably keyed to shaft 40 in such a manner that it may'be'moved in andout of frictional engagement with 'disk 50. A helical spring 52 tends tonormally hold disk 50 and 51 in engagement, said spring 52 beingcompressed between the hub 53 and collar 54; To slide disk 51 alongshaft 40 a yoke member 55 is provided, being pivotally supported by pin56 and extending upwardly around hub 53 and carrying a pair of pins 57which extend into slot 58 I in hub 53 .(shown by dotted lines). A linkbar 59 is pivotally connected by pin 60 to member 55, said bar beingalso connected to the starting pedal 61 throu h the medium of the roller62 extending t rough slot 61 of pedal 61. Pedal 61 is preferablysupported upon the same shaft 63- which supports the usual clutch pedal64. A pair of lateral rojections 65 are provided for clutch pedal 64,being so arranged with respect to the starting pedal 61 that when pedal61 is depressed, due to its engagement with projections 65, clutch pedal64 is also carried along, thereby disengaging the engine from thedriving shaft of the automobile in the usual manner. As the startingof'motorB is effected by the operationof the starting pedal 61, it isapparent thatwith this connection between pedals 61 and 64 that theoperator will be sure to have his. engine transmission disconnected fromthe driving shaft so that it will be impowible to start the motor andthereby the engine, with the engine connected to the driving shaft ofthe automobile.

The starting pedal 61 also controls snap comparatively greater t 'nectedthrough clutch switch A, being connected therewith through the medium ofconnecting link 59 and lever 66. A slot 59 in link 59 su ports twohelical springs 67, between which projects a pin 68 carried by lever 66.I have shown the movable contacts of switch A as being attached directlyto lever 66, but it is to be understood that any suitable snap-actingswitch may be used.

In order to be positive that the timer (indicated at T) is positioned tohave the spark sufliciently retarded at the time of starting enggne E toprevent back-firing I have pref era ly connected it to the startingpedal 61 through the medium of a spring-connection 69, this connectionbeing so arranged that when the starting pedal 61 is depressed spring 69adjusts the timer as stated.

s previously ointed out machine B is adapted to act eit er as a motor todrive the engine E in startingit, or-is adapted to be drlven by engine Eto act as a dynamo to charge the storage batteries, or provide currentfor any desired purpose. Therefore,

the connection extending between engine E,

and machine B and which includes member H and gearing G, is so arrangedthat when engine E is driving machine B, said machine B is preferablyrevolved at engine speed, while with machine B acting as a motor it isdesirable to have it oplerate at a speed an the engine. Thus it will beseen that with en E driving motor B and with starting pedal 61 atnormal, due to the frictional engagement between conical disks 50, 51the belt H acts directly upon shaft 40, thereb revolving it at enginespeed, the arrows s own in Figs. 4 and 5 indicating the direction ofrotation of the different parts. It will be noted that with engine E anddynamo B directly conmembers 50, 51 as referred to, pinion 43 beingconnected togear 42, and gear 46 being connected to pinion 49,

pinion 43 rotates a great deal faster than gear 46, the arrangement ofclutch 'J allowing such operation and there is no interference betweenthe two differently movable l members 43, 46.

Now with the machine B acting as a motor to drive engine E, startingpedal 61 is fully depressed so that conical disks 50,.

51 are out of frictional engagement, and therefore connection throughgearing G extends from pinion 49 to gear 46 and then through clutchmember J to pinion 43 which acts upon gear 42 whereby sprocket 41 actsto drive engine E at a relatively slowed speed, through the medium ofmember H.

' Operation.

Having described more in detail the different' elements and oofiperationthereof, a

more complete operation of the system will now descri h lt ator Assumingthat the system is at normal with the circuits arranged as in Fig. 2 andthe mechanism at normal as in Fi 4, and with battery C partlydischarged, t 'e oper depresses starting pedal 61, thus r0"- tating iton shaft 63, and due its engagement with clutch pedal 64, said pedal 641s also carried along to disen age the engine from the driving shaft.his 0 eration moves link 59 toward the right, t ereby disconnectingclutch disk 51 from disk 50 so that the connection between en e E andmotor B extends through earing G. The said movement of link 59 a so isefiective to throw switch A to the ri ht into the starting position,thereby ringing about a circuit arrangement as shown in Fig. 3, and alsothrou h, the connection of member 69, timer T is operated tosufiigiently retard the spark to prevent'back- A circuit for motor B isthereby established from positive pole of battery C, watt meter W,conductor 38, series field winding 2, terminal 5, dividing. at thispoint, part of the. current flowing through armature 1 and art ofthecurrent flowing through shunt iibld winding 3 and resistance 6,conductor 37, switch contacts 11-25 to the n ati'vepole. of ba'tte C.

no to the closing 0 contacts 1125 of switch A a circuit is also closedfrom battery G through winding 32 of relay R, whereby said relay isenergized to close its contact 35, but this has no efiect upon theoperation .of the system as yet. The said circuit for relay R is tracedfrom positive pole of battery C, watt meter W, conductor 38, the winding32 of relay. It, conductor 37, and contacts 11-25 to negative pole ofbattery C.

The said battery circuit through motor B causes it to rotate itsarmature and the medium of G and linkthe engine E is r ta ted at a speedrelative] slower than the motor.

It wiii circuit described is established, that resistthouh rig,

. ance 6-is in series with shunt field winding3 due to the interruptionof switch contacts 11-18. It will be further 11 ted that due to theconnection 69 exten 'ng from link bar 59 to'tinicr T, the spark has beensuiliciently retarded to prevent backfiring,.,and the operatorhaving-previousl operated the eontrollinglevers, engine will of coursestart to run on its own power. I

connection which .ex--

The said tends from motor 7 to en e E is traced from pinion 49. which isastened to ishaft 40, through gear 46, clutch J, pinion 48, gear 42,which'isnow free u n shaft 40,

rocket 41. and through the link-belt 'H to to mainshaft of en eschargingposition, the circuit of 2 is e E. i SwitchA havingfiii enthrown into the names be noted that when the starting- E is running onits own power, he releases the pressure upon startin pedal 61 allowingit to return to normal w ereby clutch pe da 64 is also free to restore.

The restoration of starting pedal 61, due

to, the action of spring 61 is effective to move link bar 59 toward,theleft whereby clutch ,cone's 50, 51, are again brought into frictionalengagement, being aided by the spring 52. The said restoring movement ofbar 59 also is efiective to throw the switch A from the starting to theehargin position, while due to the englagement o clutch members 50, 51,engine is connected directly to shaft 40 thereby driving generator B-atengine speed. As this change takes place in the dIlVlIlg relationbetween engine J and machine B, gear 46 and pinion 43 are revolved bypinion 49 and gear 42 respectively, but due to clutch J and the relativesize of the gears, gear 43 runs faster than 46 whereby clutch disk 45frees itself of rollers 48 and cam 47.

With the machine B acting as a generator, series and shunt field windins 2 and 3 act differentially upon the fiel "magnets with shunt winding 3predominating, and the magnetization of the field magnets is of the samepolarity as when the machine B was acting as a motor. Therefore,terminal 5 of generatorB remains a positiveterminal so that current'willflow through series field I current will flow therethroligh, the two.windings 32, 33 acting cum atively and contact 35 is maintained closed.

, After a predetermined charge has been 4 given. to battery 0, wattmeter W will act to interrupt contact 29 whereby resistance- 6 isconnected in series with shunt winding 3, and as shunt winding 3 is thepredominat ing field winding due to the increaseof res'istanceof thiscircuit, the amount of current flowing therethrough willbe decreasedcutting down the field" magnetizationand thereby reducing the voltage ofthe generator B sulficiently ,to allow retraction of thearmature andinterruption of contact 35 as previously described. It will be notedthat, the charging circuit for, battery G is di- .voltage/of generator Bis not suflicient' to again cause an efiectlve energization of relay R,until battery C is to again close contact 29.

As soon as battery C has been sufiiciently discharged to cause wattmeter W to again close contacts 29, resistance 6 bein thereby shortcircuited, generator 13 imm ately increases its voltage whereby the flowof current through winding 32 of relay B. is sufiicient to cause theattraction of its armature and the closing of its contact 35. Thus thesufliciently discharged charging circuit for battery C having beenchargin through winding closed, the current from generator B again flowsover the previously traced path until a suflicient charge to battery Chas been 'ven to again interrupt contacts 29, causing the same effect asbefore.

Assumin now that the engine is driving1 generator the charging circuitis close and the operator shuts o the engine. the engine slows down thegenerator of course slows downand its voltage decreases. As the voltageof the nerator drops below the battery voltage t ere isan increasingflow from battery back through winding 35 relay It, this flow throughwinding 33 tending to neutralize the efiect ofthe flow through winding32 and sprin tension on the armature of relay is su 'cient to overcomethe attraction of the core whereby the. armature is retractedinterrupting contact 35 and thereby interru ting the charging circuit.

hould the operator slow down the engine until the generator is runningbelow charging speed, the back flow of current from C '33 causes aretraction of its armature and the interruption of the circuit as wherethe engine was own in stopping as last described,

slowed and as soon as thereby increasing the voltage of generator B tocharging strength, relay R again attracts its armature closing 1tscontact 35 and again establishing a charging circuit.

Throughout the specification and claims I I a have referred to theelement 6 as a resistance and as a winding and I contemplate using thiselement either as an ordinary ohmic resistance or associating it withshunt field winding 3 and connectin it in such a manner that currentflowing t rough it will tend to oppose the magnetizing e ect ofshuntwinding 3 upon the field magnets.

While I have discloseda particular application and arran ement of myinvention, changes and mod' cations thereof will be a parent to thoseskilled in the art, and

erefore I do not desire to be limited to the exact structure as shownand described,

increasing until the the engine speeds up again responsive to suc tricmachine is with, a third winding in circuit relation with said shuntfieldwinding, a manual switch included in a shunt circuit about saidthird winding, means responsive to a, predetermined charge of saidbattery to effect said shunt" circuit thereb efi'ecting the circuitrelation between said siiunt and third windings to produce a change involtage in saiddynamo, and means IGSPOIlSlVQtO such change-in voltage tointerrupt said charging clrcuit;

2. A system of the character described comprising a dynamo having shuntand series field windings, an accumulator in charging circuit therewith,a third winding, a manually operated switch and anautomatically operatedswitch included in a shunt circuit about said third winding, means foroperating said manually operated switch thereby causing said accumulatorto be included in charging circuit with said dy-.

name, means for operating said automati- It said third winding incircuit with one of said field windings, and means responsive to suchinclusion of said third winding to interrupt said charging circuit. i

3. A system of the character described comprising a compound'dynamo,astorage battery in charging circuit therewith, a

third winding, a manually operated switch contact and an automaticallyoperated switch contact included in a short circuit about said winding,means for closing said manually operated contact thereby closing saidshort circuit, means for opening sai automatically operated fectivelyincludin with one of the contact thereby efsaid winding in circuit eldwindings, and means inclusion to cause the interruption of said chargingcircuit.

4. A system of the character described comprising a dynamo-electricmachine having shunt and series, field windings, an accumulator incharging circuit therewith, a third windin connected in circuit withsaid shunt field winding, manually operatedcontacts and automaticallyoperated contacts included in a short circuit about said third winding,means for closing said manually operated contacts when saiddynamo-elecoperating as a generator thereby closing said short circuitand causing said generator to be included in circuit with saidaccumulator, means responsive. to

comprising a predetermined charge. of said battery to i o crate saidautomatically operated contacts ereby opening said means responsive toSaid last circuitchange to opensaid char Ecircmt. V I 5. A system 0 t echaracter described a dynamo-electric machine having series and shuntfield windings, storage battery in charging circuit therew1th, athirdwinding in circuit relation to said shunt field w1nding,a manual switchin eluded in a short circuit about said third winding, means responsiveto a redetermined charge of said battery to e ect said short circuitthereb affecting the circuit relation between said shunt andthird winding's to produce a change 1n voltage of said machine when operating as agenerator, and means responsive to such change to interrupt said chargincircuit. a I I I 6. A system 0 the character described comprising adynamo having shunt and sedings, an accumulator m charging circuittherewith, a third wind j normally connected in series circuit r witsaid shunt winding, a manual switch ada' t-,

\ ed to close a short'circuit about said third windingl thereby closisaid charging circuit, 0 er contacts mo uded 1n said. short circuitabout saldthird winding, and means short circuit, and E I and State ofIllinois, in t witnesses.

' memos responsive to a predetermined charge of the accumulator tooperate said last contacts described ound dynamo having d windings, anaccumuthe sai shunt winding, a manual switch for t J closing a shortcircuit about said third winding, automatically operated switch contactsalso included in said short circuit, means responsive to a predeterminedcharge of saidbattery whereby said automatically operated contacts aresaid short circuit to im: ude said winding eflective circuit with saidshunt win o rated tointerru t in thereby causing a decreaseinthe voltage0 said dynamo,

Signed by me at Chica o,

epresence of two wisest;

. WILLIAM M. COPELAND, Gnoncn E.

and means responsive to said ,1 decrease to mterrupt said chargingcircuit.

county of Cook HARRY c. WEBSTER. I

